Galaxy part 4

Magellan Cloud

1. Galaxy Irregular

A few percent of galaxies are very bright in the sky is classified as irregular galaxies. Type of irregular galaxy is divided into two groups: the so-called group I and group IRR IRR II. IRR Group I consists of classes O and B stars and bright nebulae. Examples of this first group of the IRR is Large Magellanic Cloud and Small Magellanic Cloud, a neighboring galaxy closest to us. This type of galaxy contains many star clusters, variable stars, maharaksasa, and nebula gas. These galaxies consist of old stars and young stars.

Galaxy II still resembles IRR IRR I, but did not reveal the existence of a star or star cluster that can be clearly separated from this galaxy that remain reveal the composition of an amorphous (amorphous). This marks the stars in this galaxy is not bright enough to be observed separately own. Besides the three types of galaxies that have been described, there are several other types such as type of CD, N, and S.



2. Radio Galaxy



The discovery of cosmic radio waves in 1931 showed that a continuous radio energy is emitted from the disk and halo of our galaxy. Since World War II have been found thousands of radio sources deskrit that each occupies a very small region in the sky. The vast majority of sources is known as ekstragalaktika deskrit.

The first identification of radio sources with ekstragalaktik object is made in the year 1951. One of the strongest radio sources in space was found in 1948, called Cygnus A in the constellation Cygnus. Although all the galaxies emit radio waves, most of them are normal, just like the Milky Way galaxy, which emits radio waves with continuous spectrum emitted from the disk and halo, and the amount of radiation between 1033 until 1034 reratanya Js, very small when compared to visible wave energy generated . Besides, in many galaxies have been observed the existence of neutral hydrogen line. Doppler shift of the emission line, indicating the same radial velocity for a galaxy, just as the shift of spectral lines kasatmatanya.

Instead there are galaxies that emit radio waves exceptional in very large quantities around 1037 Js, an amount of energy equal to or greater than the luminosity optisnya, so dinakan radio galaxies. Radio galaxies in all aspects of visual resemble normal galaxies, but others have a unique cirri, which is linked to its radio luminosity is extraordinary. For example, the galaxy NGC 1068, emit radio energy 100 times the ordinary spiral galaxy. Similarly, M87, a giant galaxy in the constellation Virgo eleptik emit radio energy thousands of times more of these types of galaxies are the brightest.

Cen A galaxy with radio track

Some types of radio galaxies are quite complex as the source Cygnus A that although the distance is 1 billion light years, but has the strongest radio sources observed. Power emitted by the source Cygnus A on the radio frequency of about 1038 J / s, far more than the visible light produced by the visible galaxy. It turns out some very strong sources of radio galaxies to determine its amazing, like having the power up to 1040 J / s or about 100 trillion times the luminosity of the sun. This is a very compressed object, and have a very strong magnetic field. All this indicates that this object is a powerful source of energy that clog small. It is estimated that energy comes from a thousand million times the mass of solar masses.

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Galaxy part 3

Star Populations in the Galaxy

       Stars as the object in this universe has different characteristics such as size, shape, mass, luminosity, and age. There is a relationship between the characteristics of stars with a place in the galaxy. Young star around the age of several million years, illuminates the spiral arms of our galaxy. These stars are stars that are brighter and the blue group occupies in the main sequence. Strong radiation of interstellar gas clouds shining such as fog Horse Head (horsehead Nebula). Half stars age, around the age of several billion years, evenly distributed throughout the disc, while old stars, with age more than 10 billion years, scattered around the disk which appears in the halo and core regions (the galactic center region).

       Of the stars that make up this galaxy, about half of a double star system (binary) or a star system where two or more stars there are in a mutually orbiting systems caused by traction grafitasinya. Many stars are also bound together by gravity that form clusters (clusters) that contain hundreds of thousands of stars in the region of hundreds of light years or more. Our galaxy alone contains 400 billion stars with a range of about 100,000 light years.

       Giant all-star who is very bright, and main sequence stars with high luminosity (classes O and B) and type I Chepeid stars contained in the region of interstellar matter in the spiral arms of galaxies. Medium types of other stars has nothing to do with his place in the galaxy, such as planetary nebulae, nova, Chepeid type II, Lyrae variable stars, and globular clusters. Main sequence star class F and M, as well as red giants and white dwarfs are in all parts of the galaxy.

       Similarly, chemical composition, there is a difference of stars whose position is different in the galaxy. Sun and other stars are related to the interstellar matter of the spiral arms have heavy elements of about 1-4% of the total mass of stars. Medium galaktika halo stars and globular clusters, has a heavy element is much less about 0.1 to 0.01 of the sun.

       The stars that inhabit the spiral arms is often said to include population I, while the other is in place in the galaxy is said to include population II. Population I consists of stars with different ages, including a new star or who is undergoing formation. Medium population II consists entirely of old stars, maybe even the formation of our galaxy's age.

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Galaxy part 1

B. Galaxy

B.1 Galaxy In Universe
       In a universe of thousands of galaxies spread with a very large distance and large respectively as well. Our galaxy, which is where our sun as a member, called the Milky Way. In English is called Milky Way. The diameter of the Milky Way galaxy 80,000 light years away (one light second = 300,000 km, which means that light propagating in one second and a distance of 300,000 km). The nearest galaxy with the Milky Way is the Magellan Clouds (Magellanic Clouds). The distance that the two galaxy light 160,000 years. In the universe there are thousands of galaxies spread. May the Lord step that the All-Knowing, how vast the universe.
       By mapping the haze of gas and bright main sequence stars (O stars and B) and by observing the direction and motion of a large number of O and B stars, as well as the distribution of rotational motion of the nebula and galaxies at various distances from its center, it can be concluded that the distribution of stars in we are a large disc-shaped galaxy that contains flattened about 100,000 light-years away and the sun is about 30,000 light years from the galactic center. Lamellar structure of this galaxy is caused by rotational motion and the sun moves around the center of our galaxy with a speed of 250 km / s and with a period 200 million years.
       The main part of the galaxy composed of stars that form a relatively flat disc with cembungan at its center called the nucleus of the galaxy. The stars in this galaxy's core distance is close to one another. Extends out from the core there is disk like a spiral galaxy that churned out from the galactic core called the spiral arms. Figure 1 shows a chart of the Milky Way galaxy 100,000 light-years in diameter and the sun is at one of the spiral arms in the position of 30 000 light years from the galactic center.Spiral arm is made up of cosmic clouds of gas and dust that many called the interstellar medium. Along with gas and dust clouds have a lot of young stars, some of which are very hot and very bright. In a cloud of interstellar gas and dust in spiral arms is still the formation of new stars.
           Besides, the galaxy contains numerous star clusters (star cluster), a group of stars that may have the same origin and age. There are two types of star clusters namely open clusters and globular clusters. The most common and the number of thousands is an open group or also with a group called galaktika, which usually consists of several hundred stars that are not so strongly bound together by gravity in space. Open cluster is located on the main disk galaxy and usually located in or near spiral arms. Globular clusters form a system of hundreds of speroidal layering this dish, and each cluster contains hundreds of thousands of stars. Besides that there are not any stars to be members of the group, but the number far exceeds the star cluster and the entire region is at the star cluster. Any stars and star clusters form a so-called halo galaktika. Hello This volume covers an area which exceeds several times larger than the main disk galaxy. Galaktika radio emission suggests that the halo contains gas, and the x-ray radiation from the gas. This indicates that the gas is very hot in the order of 10⁶ K. This hot gas extends only to the inside of this halo called the corona and galactic.
            The closer towards the galactic core, especially near the middle core cembungan disk galaxies, stars and star clusters of the halo is more tightly than in areas far from the galactic core. Halo has a thickness of at least 100 000 TC, and even in the direction of the galactic plane in diameter can be up to two or three hundred thousand light years, and extends far beyond the circumference of the main disk galaxy. among the stars of its members.

Figure 1. Part Milky Way with the sun at one point.

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The Fact About Crop Circle

Crop circles or the circles that form a pattern on a field is considered as the handiwork of extraterrestrials. Most of us still believe that extraterrestrials have landed in their fields and consequently form a unique pattern.

One of the Crop Circle pattern

Some crop circles have a distinguished pattern is simple, and partly to have a distinguished pattern complex. Actually crop circle made by farmers who do like art, they describe their work on their own fields. In this way, the farmers hope to become famous by the way admitted that it was not the result of their work, but the work of extraterrestrials.

But lately known that crop circles are the work of the artists. Many companies who hire the fields, then pay the artists to make work. The goal is a major attraction for their products. Like the picture below.

You surely can guess what company image above. Furthermore, how people can make such a neat crop circles? The artist has its own way in making a general reply crops circle pattern, they only takes less than 2 hours in a circle crops. They use the long rope, and similar cutting tools that will be used to cut plants. Manufacturing process is as follows:

•  First, each person holding both ends of the rope. 
•  One person is still in place, and another person walked around the silent while cutting the plants in its path. 
• In this way it will form a perfect circle.
• Then, they combine the circles that will form a pattern that we know as the circle crops.

Here I include the video ...

Video above is a way to make a pattern. Here is the process after the pattern is formed.

If there is a need to be asked please leave a comment.

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